Solvent Polarity Effect on The Extraction Efficiency of Total Alkaloids from Rambai Leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris)
The Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Extraction Efficiency of Total Alkaloids from Rambai Leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris): Comparative Analysis of Ethanol and n-Hexane
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with a rising prevalence. Alkaloids are known to have antidiabetic effects by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and enhancing glucose metabolism. This study aimed to determine the total alkaloid content of Rambai leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris) using solvents with different polarities: ethanol and n-hexane. A descriptive study was conducted using the maceration method, followed by quantification of alkaloids with the quinine equivalent method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results showed that ethanol extract produced a higher yield (17.72 g; 35.44%) compared to n-hexane (3.09 g; 6.18%). The alkaloid content in the ethanol extract was 414.43 µg/g, nearly twice that of n-hexane (217.09 µg/g). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.001). Ethanol was proven to be more effective in extracting polar to semi-polar alkaloid compounds. The high alkaloid content indicates Rambai leaves have potential as a natural source for diabetes therapy. These findings provide a foundation for future product development and preclinical trials.Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Skala Kesehatan
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