Pengaruh Polaritas Pelarut terhadap Efisiensi Ekstraksi Total Alkaloid dari Daun Rambai (Sonneratia caseolaris)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31964/jsk.v17i1.494Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat. Senyawa alkaloid diketahui memiliki efek antidiabetes melalui mekanisme penghambatan enzim pencernaan karbohidrat dan peningkatan metabolisme glukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar total alkaloid daun Rambai (Sonneratia caseolaris) menggunakan pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran berbeda, yaitu etanol dan n-heksan. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan metode maserasi, dilanjutkan pengukuran kadar alkaloid dengan metode ekuivalen quinine menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak etanol memiliki rendemen lebih tinggi (17,72 g; 35,44%) dibandingkan n-heksan (3,09 g; 6,18%). Kandungan alkaloid pada ekstrak etanol sebesar 414,43 µg/g, hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan n-heksan (217,09 µg/g). Uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,001). Etanol terbukti lebih efektif mengekstrak senyawa alkaloid yang bersifat polar hingga semi-polar. Kandungan alkaloid yang tinggi menunjukkan daun Rambai berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku terapi alami diabetes mellitus. Hasil ini menjadi landasan penelitian lanjutan, termasuk pengembangan produk dan uji preklinis..
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